minikube搭建一个小型k8s集群

minikube可以比较快速地在笔记本电脑上搭建一个小型的k8s集群，集于virtualbox，不适合大型生产环境，但作为初学者入门学习k8s还是很方便的。记录一下我在macOs的minikube搭建过程。

搭建过程

• 系统配置：macOS Catalina 10.15.5

• docker安装 安装包下载链接（迅雷下载更快） https://download.docker.com/mac/stable/Docker.dmg

• virtualbox安装
  https://developer.aliyun.com/article/221687

• 安装brew

安装方法见 https://brew.sh/ 但根据它的命令行下载方式，可能下载报错443

解决办法：修改hosts，增加域名解析

首先去https://www.ipaddress.com/查找域名对应的IP

sudo vim /etc/hosts
然后添加：
199.232.68.133   githubusercontent.com

• 由于brew自己的源下载实在是太慢了，修改为清华源

echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

• brew install kubectl

zsh completions have been installed to:
  /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions
==> Summary
🍺  /usr/local/Cellar/kubernetes-cli/1.18.5: 232 files, 49.2MB

• 安装minikube

curl -Lo minikube https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/minikube/releases/v1.11.0/minikube-darwin-amd64 && chmod +x minikube && sudo mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

• 获取阿里云镜像加速器地址

https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors

• 执行minikube start，参数里用上刚刚获取到的加速器地址

minikube start --image-mirror-country='cn' --image-repository='registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers' --registry-mirror=https://8tzxcfw0.mirror.aliyuncs.com --vm-driver=virtualbox
😄  Darwin 10.15.5 上的 minikube v1.11.0
✨  根据用户配置使用 virtualbox 驱动程序
✅  正在使用镜像存储库 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
👍  Starting control plane node minikube in cluster minikube
🔥  Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=4000MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
🐳  正在 Docker 19.03.8 中准备 Kubernetes v1.18.3…
    > kubeadm.sha256: 65 B / 65 B [--------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
    > kubectl.sha256: 65 B / 65 B [--------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
    > kubelet.sha256: 65 B / 65 B [--------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
    > kubeadm: 37.97 MiB / 37.97 MiB [-----------] 100.00% 224.60 KiB p/s 2m54s
    > kubectl: 41.99 MiB / 41.99 MiB [-----------] 100.00% 202.98 KiB p/s 3m32s
    > kubelet: 108.04 MiB / 108.04 MiB [---------] 100.00% 193.39 KiB p/s 9m32s
🔎  Verifying Kubernetes components...
🌟  Enabled addons: default-storageclass, storage-provisioner
🏄  完成！kubectl 已经配置至 "minikube"

可验证：

tangmingyu@MINGYUTANG-MB1 ~ % minikube status
minikube
type: Control Plane
host: Running
kubelet: Running
apiserver: Running
kubeconfig: Configured

• 开启minikube自带的web管理界面

tangmingyu@MINGYUTANG-MB1 ~ % minikube dashboard
🔌  正在开启 dashboard ...
🤔  正在验证 dashboard 运行情况 ...
🚀  Launching proxy ...
🤔  正在验证 proxy 运行状况 ...
🎉  Opening http://127.0.0.1:57097/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...

minikube实践

常用命令行

minikube status

minikube start --image-mirror-country='cn' --image-repository='registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers' --registry-mirror=https://8tzxcfw0.mirror.aliyuncs.com --vm-driver=virtualbox

minikube stop

kubectl get pods -A 

kubectl get nodes

kubectl get namespaces

kubectl get deployment

kubectl delete deployment xxx

创建一个nginx应用

创建方式可以选择直接传YAML文件，或者是通过表单创建（最终也还是帮我们转化为YAML的方式）

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.7.9
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

创建成功后:

tangmingyu@MINGYUTANG-MB1 ~ % kubectl get pods -l app=nginx
NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-5bf87f5f59-266zn   1/1     Running   0          3m20s
nginx-deployment-5bf87f5f59-6vwpm   1/1     Running   0          65s
nginx-deployment-5bf87f5f59-vszjh   1/1     Running   0          3m20s

创建一个ubuntu应用

创建nginx应用很简单，不需要加command。但如果想创建一个ubuntu的pod，不加command就会报错：Back-off restarting failed container

解决方法：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42551369/article/details/102545957

成功创建的YAML文件：

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ubuntu18-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ubuntu18
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ubuntu18
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: ubuntu
        image: ubuntu:18.04
        command: ["/bin/bash","-c","--"]
        args: ["while true; do sleep 30; done;"]
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80